Android Operating System:
Android: is a Linux-based operating system designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Initially developed by Android, Inc, which Google backed financially and later purchased in 2005 Android was unveiled in 2007.
Open Handset Alliance: a consortium of hardware,software, and telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices.The first Android-powered phone was sold in October 2008.
Android is open source and Google releases the code under the Apache License.This open source code and permissive licensing allows the software to be freely modified and distributed by device manufacturers, wireless carriers and enthusiast developers.
These factors have allowed Android to become the world's most widely used smartphone platform,overtaking Symbian in the fourth quarter of 2010,and the software of choice for technology companies who require a low-cost, customize able, lightweight operating system for high tech devices without developing one from scratch.
As a result, despite being primarily designed for phones and tablets, it has seen additional applications on televisions, games consoles and other electronics. Android's open nature has further encouraged a large community of developers and enthusiasts to use the open source code as a foundation for community-driven projects, which add new features for advanced users or bring Android to devices which were officially released running other operating systems.
Android had a worldwide smartphone market share of 75% during the third quarter of 2012, with 500 million devices activated in total and 1.3 million activation per day.The operating system's success has made it a target for patent litigation as part of the so-called "smartphone wars" between technology companies.
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